% % This file was created by the TYPO3 extension % bib % --- Timezone: UTC % Creation date: 2024-12-03 % Creation time: 15-29-42 % --- Number of references % 35 % @Inproceedings { 2021_pennekamp_laser, title = {Collaboration is not Evil: A Systematic Look at Security Research for Industrial Use}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, day = {21}, abstract = {Following the recent Internet of Things-induced trends on digitization in general, industrial applications will further evolve as well. With a focus on the domains of manufacturing and production, the Internet of Production pursues the vision of a digitized, globally interconnected, yet secure environment by establishing a distributed knowledge base. Background. As part of our collaborative research of advancing the scope of industrial applications through cybersecurity and privacy, we identified a set of common challenges and pitfalls that surface in such applied interdisciplinary collaborations. Aim. Our goal with this paper is to support researchers in the emerging field of cybersecurity in industrial settings by formalizing our experiences as reference for other research efforts, in industry and academia alike. Method. Based on our experience, we derived a process cycle of performing such interdisciplinary research, from the initial idea to the eventual dissemination and paper writing. This presented methodology strives to successfully bootstrap further research and to encourage further work in this emerging area. Results. Apart from our newly proposed process cycle, we report on our experiences and conduct a case study applying this methodology, raising awareness for challenges in cybersecurity research for industrial applications. We further detail the interplay between our process cycle and the data lifecycle in applied research data management. Finally, we augment our discussion with an industrial as well as an academic view on this research area and highlight that both areas still have to overcome significant challenges to sustainably and securely advance industrial applications. Conclusions. With our proposed process cycle for interdisciplinary research in the intersection of cybersecurity and industrial application, we provide a foundation for further research. We look forward to promising research initiatives, projects, and directions that emerge based on our methodological work.}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-pennekamp-laser-collaboration.pdf}, publisher = {ACSA}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Workshop on Learning from Authoritative Security Experiment Results (LASER '20), co-located with the 36th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference (ACSAC '20), December 7-11, 2020, Austin, TX, USA}, event_place = {Austin, TX, USA}, event_name = {Learning from Authoritative Security Experiment Results (LASER '20)}, event_date = {December 8, 2020}, ISBN = {978-1-891562-81-5}, DOI = {10.14722/laser-acsac.2020.23088}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Pennekamp, Jan and Buchholz, Erik and Dahlmanns, Markus and Kunze, Ike and Braun, Stefan and Wagner, Eric and Brockmann, Matthias and Wehrle, Klaus and Henze, Martin} } @Inproceedings { 2021_kiesel_5g, title = {Development of a Model to Evaluate the Potential of 5G Technology for Latency-Critical Applications in Production}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, day = {15}, pages = {739-744}, abstract = {Latency-critical applications in production promise to be essential enablers for performance improvement in production. However, they require the right and often wireless communication system. 5G technology appears to be an effective way to achieve communication system for these applications. Its estimated economic benefit on production gross domestic product is immense ($740 billion Euro until 2030). However, 55\% of production companies state that 5G technology deployment is currently not a subject matter for them and mainly state the lack of knowledge on benefits as a reason. Currently, it is missing an approach or model for a use case specific, data-based evaluation of 5G technology influence on the performance of production applications. Therefore, this paper presents a model to evaluate the potential of 5G technology for latency-critical applications in production. First, we derive requirements for the model to fulfill the decision-makers' needs. Second, we analyze existing evaluation approaches regarding their fulfillment of the derived requirements. Third, based on outlined research gaps, we develop a model fulfilling the requirements. Fourth, we give an outlook for further research needs.}, keywords = {5G technology; latency-critical applications; production; evaluation model}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kiesel-5g-model.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM '21), December 13-16, 2021, Singapore, Singapore}, event_place = {Singapore, Singapore}, event_date = {December 13-16, 2021}, ISBN = {978-1-6654-3771-4}, DOI = {10.1109/IEEM50564.2021.9673074}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kiesel, Raphael and Boehm, Falk and Pennekamp, Jan and Schmitt, Robert H.} } @Inproceedings { 2021-kunze-spin-tracker, title = {Tracking the QUIC Spin Bit on Tofino}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, day = {7}, pages = {15–21}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kunze-spin-tracker.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 Workshop on Evolution, Performance and Interoperability of QUIC (EPIQ '21)}, ISBN = {9781450391351}, DOI = {10.1145/3488660.3493804}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Sander, Constantin and Wehrle, Klaus and R{\"u}th, Jan} } @Inproceedings { 2021-krude-nfp-pred, title = {Determination of Throughput Guarantees for Processor-based SmartNICs}, year = {2021}, month = {12}, day = {7}, tags = {maki}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-krude-nfp-pred.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {The 17th International Conference on emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT '21)}, ISBN = {978-1-4503-9098-9/21/12}, DOI = {10.1145/3485983.3494842}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Krude, Johannes and R{\"u}th, Jan and Schemmel, Daniel and Rath, Felix and Folbort, Iohannes-Heorh and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021-hemminghaus-sigmar, title = {SIGMAR: Ensuring Integrity and Authenticity of Maritime Systems using Digital Signatures}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, day = {25}, abstract = {Distributed maritime bridge systems are customary standard equipment on today’s commercial shipping and cruising vessels. The exchange of nautical data, e.g., geographical positions, is usually implemented using multicast network communication without security measures, which poses serious risks to the authenticity and integrity of transmitted data. In this paper, we introduce digital SIGnatures for MARitime systems (SIGMAR), a low-cost solution to seamlessly retrofit authentication of nautical data based on asymmetric cryptography. Extending the existing IEC 61162-450 protocol makes it is possible to build a backward-compatible authentication mechanism that prevents common cyber attacks. The development was successfully accompanied by permanent investigations in a bridge simulation environment, including a maritime cyber attack generator. We demonstrate SIGMAR’s feasibility by introducing a proof-of-concept implementation on low-cost and low-resource hardware and present a performance analysis of our approach.}, keywords = {Maritime Cyber Security;Authentication;Integrity;IEC 61162-450;NMEA 0183}, publisher = {IEEE}, booktitle = {In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications (ISNCC)}, event_place = {Dubai, United Arab Emirates}, event_name = {International Symposium on Networks, Computers and Communications}, event_date = {31 Oct.-2 Nov. 2021}, DOI = {10.1109/ISNCC52172.2021.9615738}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Hemminghaus, Christian and Bauer, Jan and Wolsing, Konrad} } @Inproceedings { 2021_mitseva_sequences, title = {POSTER: How Dangerous is My Click? Boosting Website Fingerprinting By Considering Sequences of Webpages}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, day = {17}, pages = {2411-2413}, abstract = {Website fingerprinting (WFP) is a special case of traffic analysis, where a passive attacker infers information about the content of encrypted and anonymized connections by observing patterns of data flows. Although modern WFP attacks pose a serious threat to online privacy of users, including Tor users, they usually aim to detect single pages only. By ignoring the browsing behavior of users, the attacker excludes valuable information: users visit multiple pages of a single website consecutively, e.g., by following links. In this paper, we propose two novel methods that can take advantage of the consecutive visits of multiple pages to detect websites. We show that two up to three clicks within a site allow attackers to boost the accuracy by more than 20\% and to dramatically increase the threat to users' privacy. We argue that WFP defenses have to consider this new dimension of the attack surface.}, keywords = {Traffic Analysis; Website Fingerprinting; Web Privacy}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-mitseva-fingerprinting-sequences.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS '21), November 15-19, 2021, Seoul, Korea}, event_place = {Seoul, Korea}, event_date = {November 15-19, 2021}, ISBN = {978-1-4503-8454-4/21/11}, DOI = {10.1145/3460120.3485347}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Mitseva, Asya and Pennekamp, Jan and Lohm{\"o}ller, Johannes and Ziemann, Torsten and Hoerchner, Carl and Wehrle, Klaus and Panchenko, Andriy} } @Inproceedings { 2021_pennekamp_bootstrapping, title = {Confidential Computing-Induced Privacy Benefits for the Bootstrapping of New Business Relationships}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, day = {15}, number = {RWTH-2021-09499}, abstract = {In addition to quality improvements and cost reductions, dynamic and flexible business relationships are expected to become more important in the future to account for specific customer change requests or small-batch production. Today, despite reservation, sensitive information must be shared upfront between buyers and sellers. However, without a trust relation, this situation is precarious for the involved companies as they fear for their competitiveness following information leaks or breaches of their privacy. To address this issue, the concepts of confidential computing and cloud computing come to mind as they promise to offer scalable approaches that preserve the privacy of participating companies. In particular, designs building on confidential computing can help to technically enforce privacy. Moreover, cloud computing constitutes an elegant design choice to scale these novel protocols to industry needs while limiting the setup and management overhead for practitioners. Thus, novel approaches in this area can advance the status quo of bootstrapping new relationships as they provide privacy-preserving alternatives that are suitable for immediate deployment.}, keywords = {bootstrapping procurement; business relationships; secure industrial collaboration; privacy; Internet of Production}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-pennekamp-bootstrapping.pdf}, publisher = {RWTH Aachen University}, booktitle = {Blitz Talk at the 2021 Cloud Computing Security Workshop (CCSW '21), co-located with the 28th ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS '21), November 15-19, 2021, Seoul, Korea}, institution = {RWTH Aachen University}, event_place = {Seoul, Korea}, event_date = {November 14, 2021}, DOI = {10.18154/RWTH-2021-09499}, author = {Pennekamp, Jan and Fuhrmann, Frederik and Dahlmanns, Markus and Heutmann, Timo and Kreppein, Alexander and Grunert, Dennis and Lange, Christoph and Schmitt, Robert H. and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021-sander-shardingrevisited, title = {Sharding and HTTP/2 Connection Reuse Revisited: Why Are There Still Redundant Connections?}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, day = {2}, tags = {legato}, url = {/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-sander-sharding-revisited.pdf}, web_url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14239}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference (IMC '21)}, event_name = {Internet Measurement Conference 2021}, event_date = {02.11.21 - 04.11.21}, ISBN = {978-1-4503-9129-0/21/11}, DOI = {10.1145/3487552.3487832}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Sander, Constantin and Bl{\"o}cher, Leo and Wehrle, Klaus and R{\"u}th, Jan} } @Article { 2021_kretschmer_cookies, title = {Cookie Banners and Privacy Policies: Measuring the Impact of the GDPR on the Web}, journal = {ACM Transactions on the Web}, year = {2021}, month = {11}, day = {1}, volume = {15}, number = {4}, abstract = {The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) is in effect since May of 2018. As one of the most comprehensive pieces of legislation concerning privacy, it sparked a lot of discussion on the effect it would have on users and providers of online services in particular, due to the large amount of personal data processed in this context. Almost three years later, we are interested in revisiting this question to summarize the impact this new regulation has had on actors in the World Wide Web. Using Scopus, we obtain a vast corpus of academic work to survey studies related to changes on websites since and around the time, the GDPR went into force. Our findings show that the emphasis on privacy increased w.r.t. online services, but plenty potential for improvements remains. Although online services are on average more transparent regarding data processing practices in their public data policies, a majority of these policies still either lack information required by the GDPR (e.g., contact information for users to file privacy inquiries), or do not provide this information in a user-friendly form. Additionally, we summarize that online services more often provide means for their users to opt out of data processing, but regularly obstruct convenient access to such means through unnecessarily complex and sometimes illegitimate interface design. Our survey further details that this situation contradicts the preferences expressed by users both verbally and through their actions, and researchers have proposed multiple approaches to facilitate GDPR-conform data processing without negatively impacting the user experience. Thus, we compiled reoccurring points of criticism by privacy researchers and data protection authorities into a list of four guidelines for service providers to consider.}, keywords = {Cookies; Privacy; GDPR; Web; Privacy Legislation; Fingerprinting}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kretschmer-tweb-cookies.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, ISSN = {1559-1131}, DOI = {10.1145/3466722}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kretschmer, Michael and Pennekamp, Jan and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Proceedings { 2021-jacobs-euras, title = {Joint proceedings EURAS 2021 - Standardisation and Innovation, SIIT 2021 - The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation : 5-9 September 2021 RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany}, year = {2021}, month = {10}, day = {25}, volume = {16}, editor = {Kai Jakobs}, publisher = {Mainz Publishers}, series = {EURAS Contributions to Standardisation Research}, event_name = {25th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference and 11th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)}, ISBN = {978-3-95886-421-4}, author = {Jakobs, Kai} } @Proceedings { fink-lcn-demons-2021, title = {DEMONS: Extended Manufacturer Usage Description to Restrain Malicious Smartphone Apps}, year = {2021}, month = {10}, day = {4}, tags = {nerd-nrw}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-fink-lcn-demons.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, howpublished = {online}, event_place = {Edmonton, Canada}, event_name = {46th IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)}, event_date = {October 4-7, 2021}, DOI = {10.1109/LCN52139.2021.9524879}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Fink, Ina Berenice and Serror, Martin and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Techreport { draft-kunze-coinrg-transport-issues-05, title = {Transport Protocol Issues of In-Network Computing Systems}, year = {2021}, month = {10}, number = {draft-kunze-coinrg-transport-issues-05}, note = {Expires: 28 April 2022 (work in progress)}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2022/draft-kunze-coinrg-transport-issues-05.pdf}, web_url = {https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kunze-coinrg-transport-issues/}, publisher = {IETF Trust}, series = {Internet Drafts}, organization = {Internet Engineering Task Force}, institution = {Internet Engineering Task Force}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Wehrle, Klaus and Trossen, Dirk} } @Inproceedings { 2021_reuter_demo, title = {Demo: Traffic Splitting for Tor — A Defense against Fingerprinting Attacks}, year = {2021}, month = {9}, day = {14}, abstract = {Website fingerprinting (WFP) attacks on the anonymity network Tor have become ever more effective. Furthermore, research discovered that proposed defenses are insufficient or cause high overhead. In previous work, we presented a new WFP defense for Tor that incorporates multipath transmissions to repel malicious Tor nodes from conducting WFP attacks. In this demo, we showcase the operation of our traffic splitting defense by visually illustrating the underlying Tor multipath transmission using LED-equipped Raspberry Pis.}, note = {Electronic Communications of the EASST, Volume 080}, keywords = {Onion Routing; Website Fingerprinting; Multipath Traffic; Privacy}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-reuter-splitting-demo.pdf}, publisher = {TU Berlin}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Networked Systems (NetSys '21), September 13-16, 2021, L{\"u}beck, Germany}, event_place = {L{\"u}beck, Germany}, event_date = {September 13-16, 2021}, ISSN = {1863-2122}, DOI = {10.14279/tuj.eceasst.80.1151}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Reuter, Sebastian and Hiller, Jens and Pennekamp, Jan and Panchenko, Andriy and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Article { 2021_pennekamp_accountable_manufacturing, title = {The Road to Accountable and Dependable Manufacturing}, journal = {Automation}, year = {2021}, month = {9}, day = {13}, volume = {2}, number = {3}, pages = {202-219}, abstract = {The Internet of Things provides manufacturing with rich data for increased automation. Beyond company-internal data exploitation, the sharing of product and manufacturing process data along and across supply chains enables more efficient production flows and product lifecycle management. Even more, data-based automation facilitates short-lived ad hoc collaborations, realizing highly dynamic business relationships for sustainable exploitation of production resources and capacities. However, the sharing and use of business data across manufacturers and with end customers add requirements on data accountability, verifiability, and reliability and needs to consider security and privacy demands. While research has already identified blockchain technology as a key technology to address these challenges, current solutions mainly evolve around logistics or focus on established business relationships instead of automated but highly dynamic collaborations that cannot draw upon long-term trust relationships. We identify three open research areas on the road to such a truly accountable and dependable manufacturing enabled by blockchain technology: blockchain-inherent challenges, scenario-driven challenges, and socio-economic challenges. Especially tackling the scenario-driven challenges, we discuss requirements and options for realizing a blockchain-based trustworthy information store and outline its use for automation to achieve a reliable sharing of product information, efficient and dependable collaboration, and dynamic distributed markets without requiring established long-term trust.}, keywords = {blockchain; supply chain management; Industry 4.0; manufacturing; secure industrial collaboration; scalability; Industrial Internet of Things; Internet of Production}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-pennekamp-manufacturing.pdf}, publisher = {MDPI}, ISSN = {2673-4052}, DOI = {10.3390/automation2030013}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Pennekamp, Jan and Matzutt, Roman and Kanhere, Salil S. and Hiller, Jens and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Article { 2021_matzutt_coinprune_v2, title = {CoinPrune: Shrinking Bitcoin's Blockchain Retrospectively}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management}, year = {2021}, month = {9}, day = {10}, volume = {18}, number = {3}, pages = {3064-3078}, abstract = {Popular cryptocurrencies continue to face serious scalability issues due to their ever-growing blockchains. Thus, modern blockchain designs began to prune old blocks and rely on recent snapshots for their bootstrapping processes instead. Unfortunately, established systems are often considered incapable of adopting these improvements. In this work, we present CoinPrune, our block-pruning scheme with full Bitcoin compatibility, to revise this popular belief. CoinPrune bootstraps joining nodes via snapshots that are periodically created from Bitcoin's set of unspent transaction outputs (UTXO set). Our scheme establishes trust in these snapshots by relying on CoinPrune-supporting miners to mutually reaffirm a snapshot's correctness on the blockchain. This way, snapshots remain trustworthy even if adversaries attempt to tamper with them. Our scheme maintains its retrospective deployability by relying on positive feedback only, i.e., blocks containing invalid reaffirmations are not rejected, but invalid reaffirmations are outpaced by the benign ones created by an honest majority among CoinPrune-supporting miners. Already today, CoinPrune reduces the storage requirements for Bitcoin nodes by two orders of magnitude, as joining nodes need to fetch and process only 6 GiB instead of 271 GiB of data in our evaluation, reducing the synchronization time of powerful devices from currently 7 h to 51 min, with even larger potential drops for less powerful devices. CoinPrune is further aware of higher-level application data, i.e., it conserves otherwise pruned application data and allows nodes to obfuscate objectionable and potentially illegal blockchain content from their UTXO set and the snapshots they distribute.}, keywords = {blockchain; block pruning; synchronization; bootstrapping; scalability; velvet fork; Bitcoin}, tags = {mynedata; impact_digital; digital_campus}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-matzutt-coinprune-v2.pdf}, language = {English}, ISSN = {1932-4537}, DOI = {10.1109/TNSM.2021.3073270}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Matzutt, Roman and Kalde, Benedikt and Pennekamp, Jan and Drichel, Arthur and Henze, Martin and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Article { 2021_pennekamp_ercim, title = {Unlocking Secure Industrial Collaborations through Privacy-Preserving Computation}, journal = {ERCIM News}, year = {2021}, month = {7}, day = {9}, volume = {126}, pages = {24-25}, abstract = {In industrial settings, significant process improvements can be achieved when utilising and sharing information across stakeholders. However, traditionally conservative companies impose significant confidentiality requirements for any (external) data processing. We discuss how privacy-preserving computation can unlock secure and private collaborations even in such competitive environments.}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-pennekamp-ercim-news.pdf}, web_url = {https://ercim-news.ercim.eu/en126/special/unlocking-secure-industrial-collaborations-through-privacy-preserving-computation}, publisher = {ERCIM EEIG}, ISSN = {0926-4981}, author = {Pennekamp, Jan and Henze, Martin and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021-kunze-efm-evaluation, title = {L, Q, R, and T - Which Spin Bit Cousin Is Here to Stay?}, year = {2021}, month = {7}, pages = {22 - 28}, url = {/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kunze-efm-evaluation.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {ANRW '21: Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop}, event_place = {Virtual Event}, event_name = {Applied Networking Research Workshop (ANRW '21)}, event_date = {July 2021}, DOI = {10.1145/3472305.3472319}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Wehrle, Klaus and R{\"u}th, Jan} } @Inproceedings { 2021-kunze-signal-detection, title = {Detecting Out-Of-Control Sensor Signals in Sheet Metal Forming using In-Network Computing}, year = {2021}, month = {6}, day = {10}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kunze-signal-detection.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)}, ISBN = {978-1-7281-9023-5}, ISSN = {2163-5145}, DOI = {10.1109/ISIE45552.2021.9576221}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Niemietz, Philipp and Tirpitz, Liam and Glebke, Ren{\'e} and Trauth, Daniel and Bergs, Thomas and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021-glebke-service-based-forwarding, title = {Service-based Forwarding via Programmable Dataplanes}, year = {2021}, month = {6}, day = {10}, tags = {reflexes}, url = {/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-glebke-service-based-forwarding.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing: Workshop on Semantic Addressing and Routing for Future Networks (SARNET-21)}, ISBN = {978-1-6654-4005-9}, ISSN = {2325-5609}, DOI = {10.1109/HPSR52026.2021.9481814}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Glebke, Ren{\'e} and Trossen, Dirk and Kunze, Ike and Lou, David and R{\"u}th, Jan and Stoffers, Mirko and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021_mangel_reshare, title = {Data Reliability and Trustworthiness through Digital Transmission Contracts}, year = {2021}, month = {6}, day = {8}, volume = {12731}, pages = {265-283}, abstract = {As decision-making is increasingly data-driven, trustworthiness and reliability of the underlying data, e.g., maintained in knowledge graphs or on the Web, are essential requirements for their usability in the industry. However, neither traditional solutions, such as paper-based data curation processes, nor state-of-the-art approaches, such as distributed ledger technologies, adequately scale to the complex requirements and high throughput of continuously evolving industrial data. Motivated by a practical use case with high demands towards data trustworthiness and reliability, we identify the need for digitally-verifiable data immutability as a still insufficiently addressed dimension of data quality. Based on our discussion of shortcomings in related work, we thus propose ReShare, our novel concept of digital transmission contracts with bilateral signatures, to address this open issue for both RDF knowledge graphs and arbitrary data on the Web. Our quantitative evaluation of ReShare’s performance and scalability reveals only moderate computation and communication overhead, indicating significant potential for cost-reductions compared to today’s approaches. By cleverly integrating digital transmission contracts with existing Web-based information systems, ReShare provides a promising foundation for data sharing and reuse in Industry 4.0 and beyond, enabling digital accountability through easily-adoptable digitally-verifiable data immutability and non-repudiation.}, note = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS), Volume 12731}, keywords = {Digital transmission contracts; Trust; Data immutability; Non-repudiation; Accountability; Data dynamics; Linked Data; Knowledge graphs}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-mangel-eswc-reshare.pdf}, publisher = {Springer}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC '21), June 6-10, 2021, Heraklion, Greece}, event_place = {Heraklion, Greece}, event_date = {June 6-10, 2021}, ISBN = {978-3-030-77384-7}, ISSN = {0302-9743}, DOI = {10.1007/978-3-030-77385-4_16}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Mangel, Simon and Gleim, Lars and Pennekamp, Jan and Wehrle, Klaus and Decker, Stefan} } @Inproceedings { 2021_gleim_factstack, title = {FactStack: Interoperable Data Management and Preservation for the Web and Industry 4.0}, year = {2021}, month = {5}, day = {31}, volume = {P-312}, pages = {371-395}, abstract = {Data exchange throughout the supply chain is essential for the agile and adaptive manufacturing processes of Industry 4.0. As companies employ numerous, frequently mutually incompatible data management and preservation approaches, interorganizational data sharing and reuse regularly requires human interaction and is thus associated with high overhead costs. An interoperable system, supporting the unified management, preservation and exchange of data across organizational boundaries is missing to date. We propose FactStack, a unified approach to data management and preservation based upon a novel combination of existing Web-standards and tightly integrated with the HTTP protocol itself. Based on the FactDAG model, FactStack guides and supports the full data lifecycle in a FAIR and interoperable manner, independent of individual software solutions and backward-compatible with existing resource oriented architectures. We describe our reference implementation of the approach and evaluate its performance, showcasing scalability even to high-throughput applications. We analyze the system's applicability to industry using a representative real-world use case in aircraft manufacturing based on principal requirements identified in prior work. We conclude that FactStack fulfills all requirements and provides a promising solution for the on-demand integration of persistence and provenance into existing resource-oriented architectures, facilitating data management and preservation for the agile and interorganizational manufacturing processes of Industry 4.0. Through its open source distribution, it is readily available for adoption by the community, paving the way for improved utility and usability of data management and preservation in digital manufacturing and supply chains.}, note = {Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI), Volume P-312}, keywords = {Web Technologies; Data Management; Memento; Persistence; PID; Industry 4.0}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-gleim-btw-iop-interoperability-realization.pdf}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Symposium for Database Systems for Business, Technology and Web (BTW '21), September 13-17, 2021, Dresden, Germany}, event_place = {Dresden, Germany}, event_date = {September 13-17, 2021}, ISBN = {978-3-88579-705-0}, ISSN = {1617-5468}, DOI = {10.18420/btw2021-20}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Gleim, Lars and Pennekamp, Jan and Tirpitz, Liam and Welten, Sascha and Brillowski, Florian and Decker, Stefan} } @Inproceedings { 2021-kunze-coordinate-transformation, title = {Investigating the Applicability of In-Network Computing to Industrial Scenarios}, year = {2021}, month = {5}, day = {11}, pages = {334-340}, keywords = {in-network computing; latency; approximation}, tags = {internet-of-production,reflexes}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kunze-coordinate-transformation.pdf}, publisher = {IEEE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS '21)}, ISBN = {978-1-7281-6207-2}, DOI = {10.1109/ICPS49255.2021.9468247}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Glebke, Ren{\'e} and Scheiper, Jan and Bodenbenner, Matthias and Schmitt, Robert H. and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Article { 2021_buckhorst_lmas, title = {Holarchy for Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems Operation in the Context of the Internet of Production}, journal = {Procedia CIRP}, year = {2021}, month = {5}, day = {3}, volume = {99}, pages = {448-453}, abstract = {Assembly systems must provide maximum flexibility qualified by organization and technology to offer cost-compliant performance features to differentiate themselves from competitors in buyers' markets. By mobilization of multipurpose resources and dynamic planning, Line-less Mobile Assembly Systems (LMASs) offer organizational reconfigurability. By proposing a holarchy to combine LMASs with the concept of an Internet of Production (IoP), we enable LMASs to source valuable information from cross-level production networks, physical resources, software nodes, and data stores that are interconnected in an IoP. The presented holarchy provides a concept of how to address future challenges, meet the requirements of shorter lead times, and unique lifecycle support. The paper suggests an application of decision making, distributed sensor services, recommender-based data reduction, and in-network computing while considering safety and human usability alike.}, note = {Proceedings of the 14th CIRP Conference on Intelligent Computation in Manufacturing Engineering (ICME '20), July 14-17, 2020, Gulf of Naples, Italy}, keywords = {Internet of Production; Line-less Mobile Assembly System; Industrial Assembly; Smart Factory}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-buckhorst-holarchy.pdf}, publisher = {Elsevier}, event_place = {Gulf of Naples, Italy}, event_date = {July 14-17, 2020}, ISSN = {2212-8271}, DOI = {10.1016/j.procir.2021.03.064}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Buckhorst, Armin F. and Montavon, Benjamin and Wolfschl{\"a}ger, Dominik and Buchsbaum, Melanie and Shahidi, Amir and Petruck, Henning and Kunze, Ike and Pennekamp, Jan and Brecher, Christian and H{\"u}sing, Mathias and Corves, Burkhard and Nitsch, Verena and Wehrle, Klaus and Schmitt, Robert H.} } @Article { 2021_bader_privaccichain, title = {Blockchain-Based Privacy Preservation for Supply Chains Supporting Lightweight Multi-Hop Information Accountability}, journal = {Information Processing \& Management}, year = {2021}, month = {5}, day = {1}, volume = {58}, number = {3}, abstract = {The benefits of information sharing along supply chains are well known for improving productivity and reducing costs. However, with the shift towards more dynamic and flexible supply chains, privacy concerns severely challenge the required information retrieval. A lack of trust between the different involved stakeholders inhibits advanced, multi-hop information flows, as valuable information for tracking and tracing products and parts is either unavailable or only retained locally. Our extensive literature review of previous approaches shows that these needs for cross-company information retrieval are widely acknowledged, but related work currently only addresses them insufficiently. To overcome these concerns, we present PrivAccIChain, a secure, privacy-preserving architecture for improving the multi-hop information retrieval with stakeholder accountability along supply chains. To address use case-specific needs, we particularly introduce an adaptable configuration of transparency and data privacy within our design. Hence, we enable the benefits of information sharing as well as multi-hop tracking and tracing even in supply chains that include mutually distrusting stakeholders. We evaluate the performance of PrivAccIChain and demonstrate its real-world feasibility based on the information of a purchasable automobile, the e.GO Life. We further conduct an in-depth security analysis and propose tunable mitigations against common attacks. As such, we attest PrivAccIChain's practicability for information management even in complex supply chains with flexible and dynamic business relationships.}, keywords = {multi-hop collaboration; tracking and tracing; Internet of Production; e.GO; attribute-based encryption}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-bader-ipm-privaccichain.pdf}, publisher = {Elsevier}, ISSN = {0306-4573}, DOI = {10.1016/j.ipm.2021.102529}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Bader, Lennart and Pennekamp, Jan and Matzutt, Roman and Hedderich, David and Kowalski, Markus and Lücken, Volker and Wehrle, Klaus} } @Inproceedings { 2021-kunze-aqm-tofino-p4, title = {Tofino + P4: A Strong Compound for AQM on High-Speed Networks?}, year = {2021}, month = {5}, pages = {72-80}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-kunze-aqm-tofino-p4.pdf}, publisher = {IFIP/IEEE}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM '21)}, event_place = {Virtual Event}, event_name = {International Symposium on Integrated Network Management (IM '21)}, event_date = {May 2021}, ISBN = {978-1-7281-9041-9}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Kunze, Ike and Gunz, Moritz and Saam, David and Wehrle, Klaus and R{\"u}th, Jan} } @Inproceedings { 2021_dahlmanns_entrust, title = {Transparent End-to-End Security for Publish/Subscribe Communication in Cyber-Physical Systems}, year = {2021}, month = {4}, day = {28}, pages = {78–87}, abstract = {The ongoing digitization of industrial manufacturing leads to a decisive change in industrial communication paradigms. Moving from traditional one-to-one to many-to-many communication, publish/subscribe systems promise a more dynamic and efficient exchange of data. However, the resulting significantly more complex communication relationships render traditional end-to-end security futile for sufficiently protecting the sensitive and safety-critical data transmitted in industrial systems. Most notably, the central message brokers inherent in publish/subscribe systems introduce a designated weak spot for security as they can access all communication messages. To address this issue, we propose ENTRUST, a novel solution for key server-based end-to-end security in publish/subscribe systems. ENTRUST transparently realizes confidentiality, integrity, and authentication for publish/subscribe systems without any modification of the underlying protocol. We exemplarily implement ENTRUST on top of MQTT, the de-facto standard for machine-to-machine communication, showing that ENTRUST can integrate seamlessly into existing publish/subscribe systems.}, keywords = {cyber-physical system security; publish-subscribe security; end-to-end security}, tags = {internet-of-production, rfc}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-dahlmanns-entrust.pdf}, publisher = {ACM}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Secure and Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems (SaT-CPS '21), co-located with the 11th ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY '21), April 26-28, 2021, Virtual Event, USA}, event_place = {Virtual Event, USA}, event_name = {ACM Workshop on Secure and Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems}, event_date = {April 28, 2021}, ISBN = {978-1-4503-8319-6/21/04}, DOI = {10.1145/3445969.3450423}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Dahlmanns, Markus and Pennekamp, Jan and Fink, Ina Berenice and Schoolmann, Bernd and Wehrle, Klaus and Henze, Martin} } @Inproceedings { 2021-sander-zoom-cc, title = {Video Conferencing and Flow-Rate Fairness: A First Look at Zoom and the Impact of Flow-Queuing AQM}, year = {2021}, month = {3}, tags = {internet-of-production}, url = {/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-sander-zoom-fairness-aqm.pdf}, web_url = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.00904}, publisher = {Springer}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM '21)}, event_name = {Passive and Active Measurement Conference (PAM 2021)}, DOI = {10.1007/978-3-030-72582-2_1}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Sander, Constantin and Kunze, Ike and Wehrle, Klaus and R{\"u}th, Jan} } @Phdthesis { 2021-serror-phd-thesis, title = {On the Benefits of Cooperation for Dependable Wireless Communications}, year = {2021}, month = {3}, web_url = {https://www.shaker.de/de/content/catalogue/index.asp?ISBN=978-3-8440-7923-4}, publisher = {Shaker Verlag}, address = {Shaker Verlag, D{\"u}ren, Germany}, series = {Reports on Communications and Distributed Systems}, edition = {21}, school = {RWTH Aachen University}, type = {Ph.D. Thesis}, ISBN = {978-3-8440-7923-4}, author = {Serror, Martin} } @Article { 2021_schomakers_insights, title = {Insights on Data Sensitivity from the Technical, Legal and the Users' Perspectives}, journal = {Computer Law Review International}, year = {2021}, month = {2}, day = {15}, volume = {22}, number = {1}, pages = {8-15}, abstract = {Social media, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things connect people around the globe, offering manifold benefits. However, the technological advances and increased user participation generate novel challenges for users' privacy. From the users' perspective, the consequences of data disclosure depend on the perceived sensitivity of that data. But in light of the new technological opportunities to process and combine data, it is questionable whether users can adequately evaluate risks of data disclosures. As mediating authority, data protection laws such as the European General Data Protection Regulation try to protect user data, granting enhanced protection to ''special categories'' of data. This article assesses the legal, technological, and users' perspectives on information sensitivity and their interplay. Technologically, all data can be referred to as ''potentially sensitive.'' The legal and users' perspective on information sensitivity deviate from this standpoint, as some data types are granted special protection by law but are not perceived as very sensitive by users and vice versa. The key findings here suggest the GDPR adequately protecting users' privacy but for small adjustments.}, tags = {Information Sensitivity, Privacy, European Data Protection Law}, ISSN = {1610-7608}, DOI = {10.9785/cri-2021-220103}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Schomakers, Eva-Maria and Lidynia, Chantal and M{\"u}llmann, Dirk and Matzutt, Roman and Wehrle, Klaus and Spiecker gen. D{\"o}hmann, Indra and Ziefle, Martina} } @Article { 2021-jakobs-engineering, title = {Standards Development for Smart Systems—A Potential Way Forward}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management}, year = {2021}, month = {2}, day = {1}, volume = {68}, number = {1}, pages = {75-86}, ISSN = {1558-0040}, DOI = {10.1109/TEM.2020.2976640}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Folmer, Erwin and Jakobs, Kai} } @Inproceedings { 2019_rut_schomakers_privacy, title = {Putting Privacy into Perspective -- Comparing Technical, Legal, and Users' View of Information Sensitivity}, year = {2021}, month = {1}, day = {27}, pages = {857-870}, abstract = {Social media, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things connect people around the globe, offering manifold benefits. However, the technological advances and increased user participation generate novel challenges for users' privacy. From the users' perspective, the consequences of data disclosure depend on the perceived sensitivity of that data. But in light of the new technological opportunities to process and combine data, it is questionable whether users can adequately evaluate risks of data disclosures. As mediating authority, data protection laws such as the European General Data Protection Regulation try to protect user data, granting enhanced protection to ''special categories'' of data. In this paper, we assess the legal, technological, and users' perspectives on information sensitivity and their interplay. Technologically, all data can be referred to as ''potentially sensitive.'' The legal and users' perspective on information sensitivity deviate from this standpoint, as some data types are granted special protection by law but are not perceived as very sensitive by users and vice versa. Our key findings still suggest the GDPR adequately protecting users' privacy but for small adjustments.}, keywords = {Information Sensitivity,Privacy,European Data Protection Law}, tags = {mynedata}, url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2021/2021-schomakers-3perspectives.pdf}, web_url = {https://dl.gi.de/handle/20.500.12116/34788}, web_url2 = {https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.06569}, publisher = {Gesellschaft f{\"u}r Informatik}, address = {Bonn}, booktitle = {INFORMATIK 2020}, event_place = {Karlsruhe, Germany}, event_name = {INFORMATIK 2020}, event_date = {2020-09-28 to 2020-10-01}, language = {English}, DOI = {10.18420/inf2020_76}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Schomakers, Eva-Maria and Lidynia, Chantal and M{\"u}llmann, Dirk and Matzutt, Roman and Wehrle, Klaus and Spiecker gen. D{\"o}hmann, Indra and Ziefle, Martina} } @Article { 2021-wehrle-energy, title = {A Novel Receiver Design for Energy Packet‐Based Dispatching}, journal = {Energy Technology}, year = {2021}, volume = {9}, number = {2}, DOI = {10.1002/ente.202000937}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Wiegel, Friedirch and De Din, Edoardo and Monti, Antonello and Wehrle, Klaus and Hiller, Marc and Zitterbart, Martina and Hagenmeyer, Veit} } @Inbook { 2021-jakobs-igi, title = {Encyclopedia of Organizational Knowledge, Administration, and Technology}, year = {2021}, pages = {950-965}, editor = {Mehdi Khosrow-Pour D.B.A.}, publisher = {IGI Global}, chapter = {ICT, Smart Systems, and Standardization}, ISBN = {9781799834731}, DOI = {10.4018/978-1-7998-3473-1.ch067}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Jakobs, Kai} } @Inproceedings { 2021-jacobs-euras-sme, title = {Luring SMEs into ICT Standardisation}, year = {2021}, volume = {16}, pages = {459-478}, editor = {Kai Jakobs}, publisher = {Mainz Publishers}, series = {EURAS Contributions to Standardisation Research}, booktitle = {Joint Proceedings: Standardisation and Innovation (EURAS 2021) and The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation (SIIT 2021)}, event_name = {25th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference and 11th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Riillo, Cesare Antonio Fabio and Jakobs, Kai} } @Inproceedings { 2021-jakobs-euras-standard, title = {Too Much or Too Little Standardization? - The performance of firms engaged in standardization}, year = {2021}, volume = {16}, pages = {479-498}, editor = {Kai Jakobs}, publisher = {Mainz Publishers}, series = {EURAS Contributions to Standardisation Research}, booktitle = {Joint Proceedings: Standardisation and Innovation (EURAS 2021) and The Past, Present and Future of ICT Standardisation (SIIT 2021)}, event_name = {25th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference and 11th International Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information Technology (SIIT)}, reviewed = {1}, author = {Riillo, Cesare Antonio Fabio and Jakobs, Kai} }