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@Article { Jakobs_2023_3,
   title = {Preserving the Royalty-Free Standards Ecosystem},
   journal = {European Intellectual Property Review},
   year = {2023},
   month = {7},
   volume = {45},
   number = {7},
   pages = {371-375},
   abstract = {It has long been recognized in Europe and elsewhere that standards-development organizations (SDOs) may adopt policies that require their participants to license patents essential to the SDO’s standards (standards-essential patents or SEPs) to manufacturers of standardized products (“implementers”) on a royalty-free (RF) basis. This requirement contrasts with SDO policies that permit SEP holders to charge implementers monetary patent royalties, sometimes on terms that are specified as “fair, reasonable and nondiscriminatory” (FRAND). As demonstrated by two decades of intensive litigation around the world, FRAND royalties have given rise to intractable disputes regarding the manner in which such royalties should be calculated and adjudicated. In contrast, standards distributed on an RF basis are comparatively free from litigation and the attendant transaction costs. Accordingly, numerous SDOs around the world have adopted RF licensing policies and many widely adopted standards, including Bluetooth, USB, IPv6, HTTP, HTML and XML, are distributed on an RF basis. This note briefly discusses the commercial considerations surrounding RF standards, the relationship between RF standards and open source software (OSS) and the SDO policy mechanisms – including “universal reciprocity” -- that enable RF licensing to succeed in the marketplace.},
   ISSN = {0142-0461},
   DOI = {10.2139/ssrn.4235647},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Contreras, Jorge and Bekkers, Rudi and Biddle, Brad and Bonadio, Enrico and Carrier, Michael A. and Chao, Bernard and Duan, Charles and Gilbert, Richard and Henkel, Joachim and Hovenkamp, Erik and Husovec, Martin and Jakobs, Kai and Kim, Dong-hyu and Lemley, Mark A. and Love, Brian J. and McDonagh, Luke and Scott Morton, Fiona M. and Schultz, Jason and Simcoe, Timothy and Urban, Jennifer M. and Xiang, Joy Y}
}

@Inproceedings { 2023-lorz-cired,
   title = {Interconnected grid protection systems - reference grid for testing an adaptive protection scheme},
   year = {2023},
   pages = {3286-3290},
   tags = {ven2us},
   booktitle = {27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023), Rome, Italy, June 12-15, 2023},
   event_place = {Rome, Italy},
   event_name = {International Conference \& Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED)},
   event_date = {June 12-15, 2023},
   DOI = {10.1049/icp.2023.0864},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Lorz, Tobias and Jaeger, Johann and Selimaj, Antigona and Hacker, Immanuel and Ulbig, Andreas and Heckel, Jan-Peter and Becker, Christian and Dahlmanns, Markus and Fink, Ina Berenice and Wehrle, Klaus and Erichsen, Gerrit and Schindler, Michael and Luxenburger, Rainer and Lin, Guosong}
}