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@Article { 2016-kunz-tomacs-horizon,
   title = {Parallel Expanded Event Simulation of Tightly Coupled Systems},
   journal = {ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)},
   year = {2016},
   month = {1},
   volume = {26},
   number = {2},
   pages = {12:1--12:26},
   abstract = {The technical evolution of wireless communication technology and the need for accurately modeling these increasingly complex systems causes a steady growth in the complexity of simulation models. At the same time, multi-core systems have become the de facto standard hardware platform. Unfortunately, wireless systems pose a particular challenge for parallel execution due to a tight coupling of network entities in space and time. Moreover, model developers are often domain experts with no in-depth understanding of parallel and distributed simulation. In combination, both aspects severely limit the performance and the efficiency of existing parallelization techniques.

We address these challenges by presenting parallel expanded event simulation, a novel modeling paradigm that extends discrete events with durations which span a period in simulated time. The resulting expanded events form the basis for a conservative synchronization scheme that considers overlapping expanded events eligible for parallel processing. We furthermore put these concepts into practice by implementing Horizon, a parallel expanded event simulation framework specifically tailored to the characteristics of multi-core systems. Our evaluation shows that Horizon achieves considerable speedups in synthetic as well as real-world simulation models and considerably outperforms the current state-of-the-art in distributed simulation.},
   keywords = {Parallel discrete event simulation, Multi-core Systems, Wireless Systems, Simulation Modeling Paradigm, Conservative Synchronization},
   tags = {horizon},
   publisher = {ACM},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1145/2832909},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Stoffers, Mirko and Landsiedel, Olaf and Wehrle, Klaus and Gross, James}
}

@Inproceedings { 2015-stoffers-mswim-data-deps,
   title = {Data Dependency based Parallel Simulation of Wireless Networks},
   year = {2015},
   month = {11},
   day = {2},
   pages = {291-300},
   abstract = {Simulation of wireless systems is highly complex and can only be efficient if the simulation is executed in parallel. To this end, independent events have to be identified to enable their simultaneous execution. Hence, the number of events identified as independent needs to be maximized in order to increase the level of parallelism. Traditionally, dependencies are determined only by time and location of events: If two events take place on the same simulation entity, they must be simulated in timestamp order. Our approach to overcome this limitation is to also investigate data-dependencies between events. This enables event reordering and parallelization even for events at the same simulation entity. To this end, we design the simulation language PSimLa, which aids this process. In this paper, we discuss the PSimLa design and compiler as well as our data-dependency analysis approach in detail and present case studies of wireless network models, speeded up by a factor of 10 on 12 cores where time-based parallelization only achieves a 1.6x speedup.},
   note = {Best Paper Award},
   keywords = {Parallel simulation; Static code analysis; Data dependencies},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {http://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2015/2015-stoffers-mswim-data-deps.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ACM},
   address = {New York, NY},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, Canc{\'u}n, Mexico (MSWiM'15)},
   event_place = {Canc{\'u}n, Mexico},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1145/2811587.2811593},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Stoffers, Mirko and Sehy, Torsten and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2015-stoffers-pads-data-deps,
   title = {Analyzing Data Dependencies for Increased Parallelism in Discrete Event Simulation},
   year = {2015},
   month = {6},
   day = {10},
   pages = {73-74},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {http://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2015/2015-stoffers-pads-data-deps.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ACM},
   address = {New York, NY},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGSIM/PADS Conference on Principles of Advanced Discrete Simulation (SIGSIM-PADS’15), London, United Kingdom},
   event_place = {London, United Kingdom},
   language = {en},
   DOI = {10.1145/2769458.2769487},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Stoffers, Mirko and Sehy, Torsten and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2014-stoffers-simutools-distributed-horizon,
   title = {Large-Scale Network Simulation: Leveraging the Strengths of Modern SMP-based Compute Clusters},
   year = {2014},
   month = {3},
   day = {17},
   pages = {31-40},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {http://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2014/2014-stoffers-simutools-distributed-horizon.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ICST},
   address = {Brussels, Belgium},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools'14), Lisbon, Portugal},
   event_place = {Lisbon, Portugal},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-63190-007-5},
   DOI = {10.4108/icst.simutools.2014.254622},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Stoffers, Mirko and Schmerling, Sascha and Kunz, Georg and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Article { 2012-stoffers-pik-probabilistic-sync,
   title = {Behavior-aware Probabilistic Synchronization in Parallel Simulations and the Influence of the Simulation Model},
   journal = {Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation (PIK Journal)},
   year = {2012},
   month = {11},
   volume = {35},
   number = {4},
   pages = {297--304},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {http://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2012/2012-stoffers-probabilistic-sync.pdf},
   web_url = {http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/piko-2012-35-issue-4/pik-2012-0042/pik-2012-0042.xml?format=INT},
   misc2 = {Print},
   editor = {Otto Spaniol},
   publisher = {De Gruyter},
   language = {en},
   ISSN = {0930-5157},
   DOI = {10.1515/pik-2012-0042},
   author = {Stoffers, Mirko}
}

@Inproceedings { 2012-kunz-pads-gpu,
   title = {Multi-level Parallelism for Time- and Cost-efficient Parallel Discrete Event Simulation on GPUs},
   year = {2012},
   month = {7},
   day = {20},
   pages = {23--32},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2012/2012-kunz-pads-gpu.pdf},
   misc2 = {Print},
   publisher = {IEEE},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IEEE/SCS Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation (PADS'12), Zhangjiajie, China},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-0-7695-4714-5},
   ISSN = {1087-4097},
   DOI = {10.1109/PADS.2012.27},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Schemmel, Daniel and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Poster { 2012-kunz-omnetpp-sequencechart,
   title = {Poster Abstract: Extending the OMNeT++ Sequence Chart for
Supporting Parallel Simulations in Horizon},
   year = {2012},
   month = {3},
   day = {23},
   affiliation = {5th International Workshop on OMNeT++ (OMNeT++'12), Desenzano del Garda, Italy},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2012/2012-kunz-omnetpp-sequencechart.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ICST},
   event_name = {5th International Workshop on OMNeT++ (OMNeT++'12), Desezano del Garda, Italy},
   language = {en},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Tenbusch, Simon and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2012-kunz-simutools-probabilistic-sync,
   title = {Know Thy Simulation Model: Analyzing Event Interactions for Probabilistic Synchronization in Parallel Simulations},
   year = {2012},
   month = {3},
   day = {20},
   pages = {119-128},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {https://www.comsys.rwth-aachen.de/fileadmin/papers/2012/2012-kunz-simutools-prob-synch.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ICST},
   address = {Brussels, Belgium},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 5th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques (SIMUTools'12), Desenzano del Garda, Italy},
   event_place = {Desenzano, Italy},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-4503-1510-4},
   DOI = {10.4108/icst.simutools.2012.247716},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Stoffers, Mirko and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2011-kunz-mascots-performance-prediction,
   title = {Predicting Runtime Performance Bounds of Expanded Parallel Discrete Event Simulations},
   year = {2011},
   month = {7},
   day = {25},
   pages = {359 - 368},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {fileadmin/papers/2011/2011-kunz-performance-prediction-mascots.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'11), Singapore},
   event_place = {Singapore},
   event_name = {19th Annual Meeting of the IEEE International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems},
   event_date = {July 25-17, 2011},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-4577-0468-0},
   ISSN = {1526-7539},
   DOI = {10.1109/MASCOTS.2011.15},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Tenbusch, Simon and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2011-kunz-omnetpp-horizon,
   title = {Runtime Efficient Event Scheduling in Multi-threaded Network Simulation},
   year = {2011},
   month = {3},
   day = {21},
   pages = {359-366},
   abstract = {Developing an efficient parallel simulation framework for multiprocessor systems is hard. A primary concern is the considerable amount of parallelization overhead imposed on the event handling routines of the simulation framework. Besides more complex event scheduling algorithms, the main sources of overhead are thread synchronization and locking of shared data structures. As a result, the overhead of parallelization may easily outweigh the benefits of parallelization in comparison to classic sequential simulation. 
We introduce two efficient event handling schemes based on our parallel-simulation extension Horizon for the OMNeT++ simulator.First, we present a \textbackslashemph\{push-based event handling scheme\} to minimize the overhead of thread synchronization and locking. Second, we complement this scheme with a novel \textbackslashemph\{event scheduling algorithm\} that significantly reduces the overhead of parallel event scheduling. Lastly, we prove the correctness of our scheduling algorithm. Our evaluation reveals a total reduction in the event handling overhead of up to 16x when combining both schemes.},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {fileadmin/papers/2011/2011-kunz-horizon-omnetworkshop.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {ICST},
   address = {Brussels, Belgium},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on OMNeT++ (OMNeT++'11), Barcelona, Spain},
   event_place = {Barcelona, Spain},
   event_name = {4th International Workshop on OMNeT++ (OMNeT++'11)},
   event_date = {March 21, 2011},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-936968-00-8},
   DOI = {10.4108/icst.simutools.2011.245504},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Stoffers, Mirko and Gross, James and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2010-kunz-mascots-horizon,
   title = {Expanding the Event Horizon in Parallelized Network Simulations},
   year = {2010},
   month = {8},
   day = {18},
   pages = {172-181},
   abstract = {The simulation models of wireless networks rapidly increase in complexity to accurately model wireless channel characteristics and the properties of advanced transmission technologies. Such detailed models typically lead to a high computational load per simulation event that accumulates to extensive simulation runtimes. Reducing runtimes through parallelization is challenging since it depends on detecting causally independent events that can execute concurrently. Most existing approaches base this detection on lookaheads derived from channel propagation latency or protocol characteristics. In wireless networks, these lookaheads are typically short, causing the potential for parallelization and the achievable speedup to remain small. This paper presents Horizon, which unlocks a substantial portion of a simulation model's workload for parallelization by going beyond the traditional lookahead. We show how to augment discrete events with durations to identify a much larger horizon of independent simulation events and efficiently schedule them on multi-core systems. Our evaluation shows that this approach can significantly cut down the runtime of simulations, in particular for complex and accurate models of wireless networks.},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {fileadmin/papers/2010/2010-kunz-mascots-horizon.pdf},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'10), Miami, FL, USA},
   event_place = {Miami, FL, USA},
   event_name = {18th Annual Meeting of the IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'10)},
   event_date = {August 17-19, 2010},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-0-7695-4197-6},
   ISSN = {1526-7539},
   DOI = {10.1109/MASCOTS.2010.26},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Landsiedel, Olaf and Gross, James and G{\"o}tz, Stefan and Naghibi, Farshad and Wehrle, Klaus}
}

@Inproceedings { 2009-kunz-mascots-horizon,
   title = {Poster Abstract: Horizon - Exploiting Timing Information for Parallel Network Simulation},
   year = {2009},
   month = {9},
   day = {21},
   pages = {575-577},
   abstract = {This paper presents Horizon, an extension to network simulation that enables the efficient and detailed simulation of wireless networks. Our contributions are two-fold as Horizon provides i) an API for accurately modeling processing time of discrete event simulation models by augmenting events with time spans and ii) a lightweight parallelization scheme that utilizes timing information to guide the parallel execution of simulations on multi-core computers. In this paper we primarily focus on the latter.},
   tags = {horizon},
   url = {fileadmin/papers/2009/2009-kunz-mascots-horizon.pdf},
   misc = {Poster},
   misc2 = {Online},
   publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
   address = {Los Alamitos, CA, USA},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'09), London, UK},
   event_place = {London, Great Britain},
   event_name = {17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'09)},
   event_date = {September 21-32, 2009},
   language = {en},
   ISBN = {978-1-4244-4926-2},
   ISSN = {1526-7539},
   DOI = {10.1109/MASCOT.2009.5366710},
   reviewed = {1},
   author = {Kunz, Georg and Landsiedel, Olaf and Wehrle, Klaus}
}